Noninvasive Ventilation for the Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Abstract

Noninvasive ventilation for neonates was developed in response to the initially high rates of mortality and morbidity seen in infants who were ventilated via an endotracheal tube. Although there have been improvements in ventilator design and techniques of ventilation (synchronization, volume targeting) as well as the development of proven effective therapies such as exogenous surfactant, clinicians now seek to avoid or at least minimize exposure of preterm infants to an endotracheal tube. Over the past three decades, evidence has accumulated evaluating nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), high-flow nasal cannulae, and nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), an..